Should class discussion be graded?  You will often see syllabi that say: "class participation will be worth X% of the final grade, "  although many professors will still give an A to a student who does consistently good written work. There are pros and cons to grading students on class discussion. On the one hand, it is important for students to learn how to present themselves orally.  On the other hand, the students who talk in class are not necessarily the ones who are the most attentive to the class discussion; sometimes they speak just to hear themselves talk (or to impress upon us that they are participating). Sometimes the students who don't speak up are quiet because they are shy. Telling shy students that their participation will be part of their grade can put pressure on them rather than making them feel more comfortable. Instead of grading class participation sometimes the way to encourage shy students to speak is to reduce the obstacles that make them fearful, creating an environment of less rather than more pressure.  

 

Another issue is how to grade participation. Here it is useful to help students understand the difference between talking a lot in class and participating in a meaningful conversation. They need to understand that true participation involves a variety of factors, such as: listening respectfully; being prepared; making comments that are based on the assignment; and making comments that refer to the thoughts of other students. So if you do plan to grade class participation, you should make your expectations clear to students, perhaps by using a rubric that defines the elements of quality class participation (See our general discussion of rubrics for more detail.)  There are several sample class participation rubrics that might be useful:

 

• A multifaceted class discussion rubric is used in some of Villanova's freshman seminar classes.  

• Adam Chapnick, of the University of Toronto, has an even more elaborate participation rubric. 

• The Princeton University Writing Program employs a student self-assessment that covers things like participation and coming to class prepared.

 

TΦ101 has found that students self-evaluations of class participation are helpful, and are probably more valid than student self evaluations of other course elements such as papers. Students know if they have been prepared and contributed usefully to class discussion.

 

Sources:

Chapnick, Adam. "Creating a Participation Rubric,"  The Teaching Professor, March 2005, 4.

Maznevski, Martha L. "Grading Class Participation,"  Teaching Concerns. University of Virginia,Spring 1996. 10 April 2008.

Bell, Elizabeth. "Participation Grades: An Argument for Self-Assessments, the Potential to Reproduce Inequalities, and Preventive Suggestions," Teaching Philosophy, Vol. 44, Issue 4, December 2021

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Author: John Immerwahr
Update: 15 Dec. 2015 (E. Tarver); 1-2-2025--D. Sackris